TN1249 : Geophysical and Hydrogeological input to improve the Conceptual Model of the Ravansar Karst Spring
Thesis > Central Library of Shahrood University > Mining, Petroleum & Geophysics Engineering > PhD > 2024
Authors:
Hamid Reza Baghzendani [Author], HAMID AGHAJANI[Supervisor], Gholam Hossein Karami[Advisor]
Abstarct: Surface and subsurface water resources are among the main components of a country’s sustainable development. A significant portion of water resources in arid regions of the Earth consists of groundwater, a major part of which is concentrated in carbonate formations and karst systems. Therefore, studying karst and understanding its resources is crucial for water supply. In the Zagros zone, due to the considerable thickness of carbonate rocks, numerous karst systems exist, forming the main water resources of this region. The Ravanser karst spring, located in Kermanshah Province, is considered one of the important water sources in the area, originating from carbonate rocks of the Bistoon Formation, which dates back to the Cretaceous period. This formation has been affected by tectonic movements and faulting associated with the Zagros folding system. The main faults in the region, trending N60W and N30E, play a key role in karst development. Using remote sensing and geological data, the necessary information laxyers for determining the groundwater potential map and karst structures were prepared. Microgravity and electrical resistivity tomography methods were used to image subsurface cavities. Within the defined area, 1700 gravity stations were designed in a regular grid, and gravity acceleration values were measured. baxsed on density variations caused by structural changes and karstification, gravity anomaly maps were generated, and areas related to karstified zones were identified. According to the gravity data and field surveys, evidence of karstification was observed. To further investigate these findings, two electrical profiles were designed, and resistivity and induced polarization values were measured and calculated using pole-dipole and dipole-dipole electrode arrays. The inversion modeling of resistivity data was conducted using a 2D least-squares algorithm, while gravity data modeling was performed using the Li-Oldenburg method. Subsurface cavities resulting from karstification exhibited various geophysical contrasts, and electrical resistivity values varied due to the composition of filling materials and the presence of groundwater. Comparison of density (gravity) sections with resistivity and induced polarization sections indicates that dry and empty voids have high resistivity, while water-filled cavities exhibit lower resistivity, and density values in void spaces show a decreasing trend. Combining the results of both methods, a geological model and a conceptual karst model of the area were developed, illustrating the lateral and vertical extent of voids. The gravity method, considering the limited lithological variations in the region, identified karst and void spaces to depths greater than 100 meters. Additionally, gravity and geoelectrical methods were employed to distinguish faults from karst zones, and the results were compared with regional geological data.
Keywords:
#Hidden cavities #microgravity #electrical resistivity #karst #conceptual model #Ravanser Keeping place: Central Library of Shahrood University
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