Abstarct: The present study was formed with the aim of investigating the role of urban squares in strengthening spatial and social cohesion and providing a frxamework for redefining their function in the contemporary city. Squares have always had a privileged position in the history of Iranian urban development; in addition to playing a role as physical nodes, they have also been the context of social, economic, and cultural interactions. The main question of the research was how the concept of cohesion can be used as a criterion for improving the quality of squares. The research method is baxsed on a descxriptive-analytical approach. In the first part, theoretical foundations were examined by reviewing the views of experts such as Lynch and Rappaport to clarify the spatial and social dimensions of cohesion. Then, similar articles on square design were reviewed and indicators for evaluating cohesion were extracted.Next, using analytical methods such as spatial syntax and visual analysis, selected squares in historical and new urban contexts were analyzed. The findings showed that historical squares derive more strength from the organic integration of the context and the connection with the market and neighborhoods, but on a macro scale they have been less able to play a guiding role in organizing movement flows. In contrast, new urban squares, although they lack historical richness and organic continuity, function as the main centers of movement and gathering in integrating the communication network more efficiently. This difference indicates that the role of squares has varied in different historical periods, but their importance in the spatial-social structure of the city has always remained stable. Analysis of spatial indicators showed that accessibility, connectivity, selection, and legibility have the greatest impact on the degree of coherence of squares.Squares that have higher spatial and visual coherence in the urban network provide a suitable platform for social interactions and citizen dynamics. Therefore, it can be said that there is a direct relationship between the physical quality and social vitality of the square. Finally, a conceptual frxamework entixtled “Cohesion as a Theoretical and Practical frxamework for Urban Squares” was developed that was able to include spatial and social indicators in an integrated manner. This frxamework has both its theoretical support in classical literature and, baxsed on applied analyses, can be a guide for urban designers and managers. Accordingly, squares are still able to play a role as “city living rooms”; provided that their recreation is pursued with regard to the movement network, active walls, functional diversity, and flexible spaces