Abstarct: This research conducts a comparative analysis of classical consumption theories with consumer behavior patterns within the economic paradigm of Arba’een. The main research problem is that classical consumption theories—including the permanent income hypothesis, the life-cycle hypothesis, and utility-maximization models—were developed in secular, market-oriented, and individualistic contexts, and thus lack the capacity to adequately explain consumption behavior in non-market economies baxsed on religious values. Arba’een, as one of the world’s largest religious events, exhibits a unique economic system where the production, distribution, and consumption of resources are primarily organized through voluntary mechanisms, social solidarity, and spiritual motivations, rather than monetary exchange. This study employs a mixed-methods approach (quantitative and qualitative), examining a statistical population comprising Iranian and foreign pilgrims on the Najaf-Karbala route through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation. Data are analyzed using SPSS software. Expected findings indicate that non-economic factors such as religiosity, altruism, social identity, and symbolic consumption play a decisive role in pilgrims’ consumption decisions, and resource allocation patterns in Arba’een significantly deviate from the predictions of classical models. Ultimately, the research proposes a localized explanatory model that integrates dimensions of faith, collective welfare, and non-material utility in a synthesized frxamework.