Abstarct: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of financial literacy on investment behavior with regard to the mediating role of financial self-efficacy and the moderating role of financial risk attitude. The statistical population includes real investors in the investment market in Iraq, so a sample size of 380 people was considered using the Cochran formula using a simple random sampling method. This study is applied in terms of purpose and is a descxriptive survey. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the supervisor and also by calculating divergent and convergent validity. The reliability of the questionnaires was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the variables, which were all more than 0.7 and were confirmed. The findings of the study showed that the financial literacy of real investors has a positive effect on financial self-efficacy and investor behavior, and self-efficacy can have a positive effect on investor behavior and attitude. Financial self-efficacy has a mediating role in the effect of financial literacy on investor behavior, but however, the hypothesized moderating effect of financial risk attitude on the relationship between financial self-efficacy and investor behavior was not found.