Abstarct: Background & Objective: Non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most prevalent and debilitating conditions in basketball. While biomechanical factors are well-documented, the role of cognitive-psychological variables remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between mental fatigue, trait self-control, and state self-control with the biomechanical risk of non-contact ACL injuries in Iraqi basketball plaxyers. Methods: This descxriptive-correlational study involved 120 male basketball plaxyers (18–35 years) from Iraq’s premier leagues. Independent variables included mental fatigue, trait self-control (BSCS), and state self-control (SSCCS), assessed via standardized questionnaires. The dependent variable, injury risk, was operationalized using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) during a drop vertical jump test. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression (controlling for age, BMI, and training load) via SPSS v27. Results: Mental fatigue showed a significant positive correlation with LESS (r = 0.46, p < 0.001), while state and trait self-control demonstrated significant negative correlations. In the regression model, mental fatigue (β = 0.28, p = 0.002) and state self-control (β = −0.21, p = 0.018) emerged as significant independent predictors, collectively explaining 38.5% of the variance in LESS scores. Trait self-control and weekly training hours also contributed to the model. Conclusion: Mental fatigue and diminished state self-control are robust psychological predictors of biomechanical ACL injury risk. Integrating cognitive monitoring with biomechanical screening, alongside combined cognitive-motor interventions, is essential for developing effective, multidimensional injury prevention strategies in basketball.