Abstarct: The present study aimed to examine the effect of resilience on athletes’ sports performance, with psychological well-being as a mediating factor. The research was descxriptive-correlational and cross-sectional in nature. The statistical population included all football plaxyers in Salah al-Din province, of whom 218 were selected through a convenience sampling method. Three standardized questionnaires were used: the Resilience Questionnaire by Smith et al. (2008) with 2 items, the Sports Performance Questionnaire by Rice et al. (2021) with 11 items, and the Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire by Sato et al. (2023) with 5 items. The content and face validity of the instruments were confirmed by ten experts in sports management, and their reliability was verified using Cronbach’s alpha. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 and Smart-PLS 4, and hypotheses were tested through variance-baxsed structural equation modeling. The results indicated that resilience had a significant direct effect on both psychological well-being and sports performance. Moreover, psychological well-being positively and significantly influenced sports performance, and its mediating role in the relationship between resilience and sports performance was confirmed. These findings suggest that enhancing resilience and psychological well-being can improve athletes’ performance, increase motivation, and facilitate coping with competitive pressure, thereby contributing to both professional development and mental health in football plaxyers.